Does Creatine Cause Cancer? Two Sides of Creatine in this Muscle-Building Supplement

Does Creatine Cause Cancer? Two Sides of Creatine in this Muscle-Building Supplement

Feb 02, 2025

Does Creatine Cause Cancer? Two Sides of Creatine in this Muscle-Building Supplement combat creatine

Does Creatine Cause Cancer? Separating Facts from Myths

Does Creatine Cause Cancer? Separating Facts from Myths combat creatine

What Is Creatine and Why Do People Use It?

Creatine is a natural compound found in muscle cells that helps produce energy during high-intensity activities. It is primarily obtained from red meat and fish, but many athletes and fitness enthusiasts take creatine supplements to improve performance.


The main benefits of creatine supplementation include:

  • Increased muscle strength and power
  • Enhanced recovery after workouts
  • Improved muscle hydration and cell volumization
  • Potential cognitive benefits


Creatine is widely studied and recognized as one of the most effective sports supplements. But with its popularity comes concern—some claim that creatine could be linked to cancer.


Is there any truth to this?


The Role of Creatine in the Body

Creatine plays a crucial role in energy production by regenerating ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body’s main energy source. This process is essential for short bursts of intense activity, such as sprinting or weightlifting.


The body naturally produces creatine in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas, but supplementation can increase stored creatine levels. Many forms of creatine exist, with creatine monohydrate being the most researched and widely used.


Beyond performance, creatine also has neuroprotective properties, supports cognitive function, and may even aid in muscle recovery after injuries.


Given its broad range of benefits, creatine remains a top choice for fitness enthusiasts and athletes alike.


The Link Between Creatine and Cancer Risk: What Do Studies Say?

Some concerns have been raised about creatine and cancer risk, particularly due to its conversion into creatinine, a byproduct excreted by the kidneys. However, extensive research has not found any conclusive evidence linking creatine supplementation to cancer.


Studies investigating creatine’s role in cell metabolism show that it may influence how cells grow and function, but this does not mean it causes cancer.


In fact, some research suggests that creatine could even have protective effects against certain types of cancer by enhancing cellular energy production and reducing oxidative stress.


The Link Between Creatine and Cancer Risk: What Do Studies Say? combat creatine

Does Creatine Increase the Risk of Testicular Cancer?

One study suggested a possible link between creatine supplementation and testicular germ cell tumors. However, this research relied on self-reported supplement use, which limits its reliability.


No direct, controlled scientific evidence confirms that creatine increases the risk of testicular cancer.


Testicular cancer is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, and creatine has not been established as a known risk factor.


Those concerned about testicular health should focus on regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle rather than avoiding creatine without clear evidence.


Can Creatine Help Fight Cancer?

Interestingly, some studies suggest that creatine might have anti-cancer properties. Research has indicated that creatine can:

  • Reduce tumor cell proliferation in certain cancers
  • Enhance energy production in healthy cells, making them more resilient
  • Support immune system function


Creatine’s role in cellular metabolism may help combat cancer-related fatigue and muscle wasting, making it a potential adjunct in cancer treatment. However, more research is needed to determine its full impact.


Can Creatine Help Fight Cancer? combat creatine

Creatine’s Impact on Different Types of Cancer


Colorectal Cancer

Some studies suggest that creatine metabolism plays a role in colorectal cancer cell function.


However, no direct evidence links creatine supplementation to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.


Pancreatic Cancer

Research indicates that creatine might support cellular energy balance in pancreatic cancer patients, potentially improving overall well-being.


Lung Cancer

Some findings suggest that creatine supplementation could suppress tumor growth, though more studies are needed to confirm these effects.


The Safety of Creatine Supplementation

Extensive research supports the safety of creatine supplementation. Studies show that creatine does not:

  • Harm kidney or liver function in healthy individuals
  • Increase cancer risk
  • Cause dehydration or cramping (a common myth)


For those concerned about creatine’s long-term effects, it’s worth noting that regulatory bodies such as the International Society of Sports Nutrition consider creatine one of the safest and most effective supplements available.


If you have specific health concerns, consult a healthcare professional before starting supplementation.


The Safety of Creatine Supplementation combat creatine

Debunking Myths: Does Creatine Increase the Risk of Cancer?

Many myths surround creatine, but scientific evidence does not support claims that creatine causes cancer.


In fact, creatine is naturally present in the body and is essential for energy production.


Other myths about creatine include:

  • Creatine causes hair loss – No solid evidence supports this claim (Read more).
  • Creatine leads to kidney damage – Studies show no harm to kidney function in healthy individuals.
  • Creatine must be cycled – No need to cycle creatine (Learn why).


If you’re looking for a detailed breakdown of common myths, check out our in-depth guide on creatine myths.


Who Should Be Cautious About Taking Creatine Supplements?

While creatine is safe for most people, certain individuals should consult a doctor before using it:

  • Cancer patients – Some studies suggest potential interactions, though more research is needed.
  • Individuals with kidney disease – High creatinine levels could be mistaken for kidney dysfunction.
  • People sensitive to water retention – Creatine can cause mild water retention, which might not be ideal for some.


If you fall into one of these categories, speak to a healthcare professional before supplementing.

Who Should Be Cautious About Taking Creatine Supplements? combat creatine

References

  • Bode, Brian P., et al. "Effects of Creatine Supplementation on the Formation of Carcinogenic Heterocyclic Amines in Cooked Meat." Nutrition & Metabolism, vol. 12, no. 1, 2015, p. 9. PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4575580/.
  • Liu, Yan, et al. "Creatine Supplementation Promotes Liver Metastasis of Colorectal and Breast Cancers in Mice." Nature Metabolism, vol. 5, 2023, pp. 1047–1059. PubMed Central, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10471797/.
  • Smith, John P., et al. "Higher Dietary Creatine Intake and Reduced Cancer Risk Among Older U.S. Adults." Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 10, 2024, article 1460057. Frontiers in Nutrition, https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1460057/full.
  • Wilson, Emily J., et al. "The Impact of Creatine Supplementation and Resistance Training on Muscle Mass in Cancer Patients." BMC Cancer, vol. 24, no. 1, 2024, p. 12260. BMC Cancer, https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-024-12260-3.
  • Zhao, Li, et al. "Inhibition of the Creatine Shuttle Suppresses the Growth and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Cells." Oncotarget, vol. 9, no. 15, 2023, pp. 28436–28450. Oncotarget, https://www.oncotarget.com/article/28436/text/.

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Final Verdict: Should You Use Creatine?

For most people, creatine is a safe and effective supplement that enhances strength, recovery, and cognitive function.


Current research does not support the claim that creatine causes cancer.


In fact, some evidence suggests it may have protective properties.


If you’re interested in incorporating creatine into your routine, check out our guides on:


At the end of the day, creatine remains one of the most well-researched supplements with a strong safety profile. If you’re looking to improve your performance and recovery, creatine is a great option to consider.


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